阥:
1. Anciently the same as "阴" (yīn), meaning "shadow" or "darkness".
2. (Noun) A character formed by the combination of "阜" (fù, meaning "hill") and "侌" (yīn, which also serves as a phonetic component). The character indicates a relationship with geographical features such as hilly terrain. It expresses the idea of a moonlit night shrouding the hills, suggesting a dim and dark setting. The original essence: the north side of a mountain, the south side of water.
- Same meaning: shadow or darkness. The north of the mountain, the south of the water.
- Examples:
- 阴山背后 (yīn shān bèi hòu): a remote and desolate place.
- 阴木 (yīn mù): trees on the northern side of a mountain, sometimes referring to trees that grow in autumn and winter.
- 阴竹 (yīn zhú): bamboo that grows on the northern side of a mountain.
- 阴滨 (yīn bīn): the southern bank of a river.
- 阴麓 (yīn lù): the northern foothills of a mountain.
- 阴坡 (yīn pō): the north slope.
3. Broadly refers to the north side: "In the cave, the clouds drift like white silk, the moss-covered walls cast shadows at the window." (Tang: Li Zhi)
- Examples:
- 阴窗 (yīn chuāng): northern window.
- 阴欍 (yīn lán): northern window.
- 阴隅 (yīn yú): northwest corner.
- 阴列 (yīn liè): the northernmost mountain range.
4. Absent sunlight is called "阴"; on the shadowed cliffs, the accumulated snow still holds frost, while the distant trees float in smoke already hinting at spring.
- Examples:
- 阴干 (yīn gān): to dry in a shaded area.
- 阴崖 (yīn yá): a sunless cliff.
- 阴地 (yīn dì): shaded ground.
- 阴阳瓦陇 (yīn yáng wǎ lǒng): a roof where the tiles are arranged alternatingly with the convex side up and the concave side down, creating a pattern of light and dark.
5. Refers to genitals. In a scene, an unspecific character kicks down someone named Kou, referring to inappropriate actions.
- Examples:
- 阴刑 (yīn xíng): a punishment that involves castration.
- 阴痿 (yīn wěi): a medical term meaning impotence, typically referring to male dysfunction but can also mean female genitals.
- 阴核 (yīn hé): a physiological term also known as clitoris or reproductive structure in female mammals.
6. Referring to autumn and winter; the moon is like a mirror in the autumn night, the cold brings loneliness.
- Examples:
- 阴秋 (yīn qiū): autumn season.
- 阴泉 (yīn quán): water in autumn and winter.
- 阴条 (yīn tiáo): trees still green in autumn and winter.
- 阴时 (yīn shí): during autumn and winter.
- 阴期 (yīn qī): the autumn and winter season.
7. Sun shadow; shadow, shadow under the hall.
- Source: "吕氏春秋·察今" (Lü's Spring and Autumn, Observing the Present).